Showy but lacking in substance; superficially attractive but without real content or value. It describes something or someone that looks good on the outside but is hollow or empty within.
Era:
Ancient
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Originating from 'Zuo Zhuan, Duke Wen's Fifth Year,' where it states: 'Moreover, being showy but not substantial, it gathers resentment.' 'Hua' refers to flowers or being flowery/showy, while 'Shi' refers to fruit or substance. The idiom literally means 'to flower but not bear fruit,' metaphorically describing something that looks beautiful on the outside but lacks actual content or practical value. It can also refer to individuals who appear knowledgeable or impressive but are, in fact, empty-headed.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Yang Chufu, a high-ranking official from the State of Jin, was on an diplomatic mission to the State of Wei. On his return journey, he passed through Ningyi and sought lodging at an inn. The innkeeper, a man surnamed Ying, was greatly impressed by Yang Chufu's distinguished appearance and refined demeanor. He confided in his wife, saying, 'For many years, I've longed to serve a person of noble character, but despite my diligent search, I haven't found anyone suitable. Today, I believe Yang Chufu is an excellent choice, and I am determined to follow him.'
After obtaining Yang Chufu's consent, the innkeeper bid farewell to his wife and embarked on the journey with him. As they traveled, Yang Chufu engaged in various conversations with the innkeeper, who listened intently. However, as soon as they had left the county boundary of Ningyi, the innkeeper abruptly changed his mind and parted ways with Yang Chufu.
His wife, puzzled by her husband's unexpected return, inquired, 'You finally found someone suitable; why did you not go with him? Weren't you very resolute? You needn't worry about affairs at home.'
The innkeeper explained, 'I was captivated by his impressive appearance and believed him to be trustworthy. However, as I listened to his words, I found them exceedingly displeasing. I feared that by accompanying him, I would not gain any wisdom but instead invite misfortune. Therefore, I abandoned my original intention.'
In the innkeeper's estimation, Yang Chufu was a 'hua er bu shi' (showy but not substantial) individual. Hence, the innkeeper resolutely left him.