负荆请罪 — “To make a humble and sincere apology”

During the Warring States period, there were two prominent figures in the Zhao state: General Lian Po and Prime Minister Lin Xiangru. Lin Xiangru, through his wisdom and courage, successfully defended Zhao's honor during a diplomatic mission to the powerful Qin state, earning him a high-ranking official position.

General Lian Po, a brave military leader, became jealous and resentful, vowing to publicly humiliate Lin Xiangru. Lin Xiangru, upon hearing Lian Po's remarks, consistently avoided confrontation, often taking detours to avoid meeting him. His subordinates were perplexed and questioned his apparent cowardice.

Lin Xiangru calmly explained that he wasn't afraid of Lian Po, nor was he afraid of the King of Qin. He emphasized that the reason Qin dared not invade Zhao was because the civilian and military officials of Zhao were united. He believed that if he and Lian Po were to quarrel, it would weaken their state and give Qin an opportunity to attack, prioritizing the state's welfare above personal grievances.

When Lian Po heard about Lin Xiangru's profound understanding and selflessness, he was deeply ashamed. He stripped off his upper garments, exposed his shoulder, and carried a thorny rod on his back. He then went to Lin Xiangru's residence, knelt before him, and offered the rod, asking for punishment.

Lin Xiangru immediately helped Lian Po up, threw the rod away, and treated him with warmth and respect. From then on, the two became close friends, working together wholeheartedly for the state's prosperity. Qin dared not infringe upon Zhao's territory again.

The idiom "Fu Jing Qing Zui" thus came to signify making a humble and sincere apology, admitting one's faults, and willingly accepting punishment.