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These policies resulted in many elderly people suffering hardship.
Welfare provides a cushion against hardship.

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Open the tool →困苦 (kùn kǔ) means “Hardship, privation, and distress”.
困苦 is pronounced kùn kǔ in Mandarin Chinese.
“Hardship, privation, and distress.” is 困苦 (kùn kǔ) in Chinese.
This page has 2 example sentences using 困苦, each with pinyin and an English translation.