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primitive
pristine
raw
At the time, medicine was still a primitive quasi-science.
Analyses were conducted on the raw data.

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Open the tool →原始 (yuán shǐ) means “original, primitive, pristine, raw”.
原始 is pronounced yuán shǐ in Mandarin Chinese.
“original” is 原始 (yuán shǐ) in Chinese.
This page has 2 example sentences using 原始, each with pinyin and an English translation.
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