To learn superficially without deep comprehension or assimilation; to acquire knowledge without truly understanding its essence, leading to an inability to apply it effectively; to swallow without digesting.
许多学生在学习新知识时，常常只是死记硬背，食而不化，导致无法灵活运用。
Many students, when learning new knowledge, often just memorize it rigidly without truly understanding or assimilating it, which leads to an inability to apply it flexibly.
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