Describing a bold, powerful, and impassioned literary or rhetorical style; characterized by grandeur and vigor, often suggesting a forceful and resonant expression.
Era:
Early Modern
Frequency:
Story:
During the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi went on an outing with his attendants. As he admired the golden rooster chrysanthemums on the cliff, his entourage sang his *ci* (a type of classical Chinese poetry) lyrics aloud.
Su Shi then asked them about the difference between his *ci* and Liu Yong's. The attendants replied, 'Mr. Liu's *ci* are best sung by a 17-year-old girl gently tapping a small red clapper, such as "Willows outside, a faint breeze in the moonlight." Your *ci*, however, require a burly, powerful man from the western regions to sing with an iron clapper, like "The great river flows eastward."'