A state of widespread social chaos, disorder, and instability, typically caused by war or conflict.
Era:
Ancient
Frequency:
Story:
During the Spring and Autumn period, Confucius traveled with his disciples through various states, residing in Chen state, awaiting an official appointment. After King Fuchai of Wu conquered the state of Yue, his power grew significantly. He seized the opportunity to lead his Wu soldiers, with their unbound hair and robes fastened on the left, to attack Chen state.
The ruler of Chen fled overnight. Despite the widespread chaos and turmoil outside, Confucius still planned to preside over the sacrificial ceremony, and the musicians continued to play.
His disciples had to pull him onto a carriage to escape Chen state and travel to Cai state.