Liu Tan, son of Liu Dan, the Grand Administrator during the Jin Dynasty, was exceptionally learned. He was capable of thoroughly refuting the philosophical essays of the renowned scholar Sun Sheng, earning him the deep admiration of Sima Yu, who subsequently appointed him to an official position in another region.

Liu Tan adhered to the Taoist philosophies of Laozi and Zhuangzi, advocating for tranquility and non-action. He handled matters with utmost seriousness and led a reclusive life, much like a hermit, ensuring that no undesirable or idle guests ever came to his door.